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                    常量
            
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                    结构体
            
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                    JSON
            
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                    文本和HTML模板
            
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                    函数
            
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                    可变参数
            
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                    Recover捕获异常
            
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                    方法
            
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                    基于指针对象的方法
            
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                    通过嵌入结构体来扩展类型
            
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                    方法值和方法表达式
            
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                    示例: Bit数组
            
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                    封装
            
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                    接口
            
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                    接口是合约
            
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                    接口类型
            
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                    实现接口的条件
            
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                    flag.Value接口
            
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                    接口值
            
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                    sort.Interface接口
            
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                    http.Handler接口
            
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                    error接口
            
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                    示例: 表达式求值
            
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                    类型断言
            
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                    基于类型断言识别错误类型
            
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                    通过类型断言查询接口
            
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                    类型分支
            
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                    示例: 基于标记的XML解码
            
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                    补充几点
            
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                    Goroutines和Channels
            
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                    Goroutines
            
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                    示例: 并发的Clock服务
            
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                    示例: 并发的Echo服务
            
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                    Channels
            
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                    并发的循环
            
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                    示例: 并发的Web爬虫
            
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                    基于select的多路复用
            
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                    示例: 并发的目录遍历
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.9.9" data-path="../ch8/ch8-09.html">
            
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                    并发的退出
            
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                    示例: 聊天服务
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.10" data-path="../ch9/ch9.html">
            
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                    基于共享变量的并发
            
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                    竞争条件
            
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                    sync.Mutex互斥锁
            
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                    sync.RWMutex读写锁
            
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                    内存同步
            
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                    sync.Once惰性初始化
            
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                    竞争条件检测
            
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                    示例: 并发的非阻塞缓存
            
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                    Goroutines和线程
            
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                    包和工具
            
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                    包的匿名导入
            
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                    包和命名
            
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                    工具
            
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                    测试
            
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                    go test
            
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                    测试函数
            
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                    测试覆盖率
            
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                    基准测试
            
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                    剖析
            
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                    示例函数
            
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                    反射
            
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                    为何需要反射?
            
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                    reflect.Type和reflect.Value
            
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                    Display递归打印
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.4" data-path="../ch12/ch12-04.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-04.html">
            
                    
                    示例: 编码S表达式
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.13.5" data-path="../ch12/ch12-05.html">
            
                <a href="../ch12/ch12-05.html">
            
                    
                    通过reflect.Value修改值
            
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                    示例: 解码S表达式
            
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                    获取结构体字段标签
            
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                    显示一个类型的方法集
            
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                    几点忠告
            
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                    底层编程
            
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                    unsafe.Sizeof, Alignof 和 Offsetof
            
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        <li class="chapter " data-level="1.14.2" data-path="../ch13/ch13-02.html">
            
                <a href="../ch13/ch13-02.html">
            
                    
                    unsafe.Pointer
            
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                    示例: 深度相等判断
            
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                    通过cgo调用C代码
            
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                                <h2 id="65-&#x793A;&#x4F8B;-bit&#x6570;&#x7EC4;">6.5. &#x793A;&#x4F8B;: Bit&#x6570;&#x7EC4;</h2>
<p>Go&#x8BED;&#x8A00;&#x91CC;&#x7684;&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x4F1A;&#x7528;map[T]bool&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x6765;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#xFF0C;T&#x4EE3;&#x8868;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x3002;&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#x7528;map&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x6765;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x867D;&#x7136;&#x975E;&#x5E38;&#x7075;&#x6D3B;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4EE5;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x66F4;&#x597D;&#x7684;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;&#x6765;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x5B83;&#x3002;&#x4F8B;&#x5982;&#x5728;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x6D41;&#x5206;&#x6790;&#x9886;&#x57DF;&#xFF0C;&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x975E;&#x8D1F;&#x6574;&#x6570;&#xFF0C;&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#x4F1A;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#x4F1A;&#x7ECF;&#x5E38;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x5E76;&#x96C6;&#x3001;&#x4EA4;&#x96C6;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;bit&#x6570;&#x7EC4;&#x4F1A;&#x6BD4;map&#x8868;&#x73B0;&#x66F4;&#x52A0;&#x7406;&#x60F3;&#x3002;&#xFF08;&#x8BD1;&#x6CE8;&#xFF1A;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x518D;&#x8865;&#x5145;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;http&#x4E0B;&#x8F7D;&#x4EFB;&#x52A1;&#xFF0C;&#x628A;&#x6587;&#x4EF6;&#x6309;&#x7167;16kb&#x4E00;&#x5757;&#x5212;&#x5206;&#x4E3A;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x5757;&#xFF0C;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5168;&#x5C40;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x6765;&#x6807;&#x8BC6;&#x54EA;&#x4E9B;&#x5757;&#x4E0B;&#x8F7D;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;&#x4E86;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x4E5F;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x7528;&#x5230;bit&#x6570;&#x7EC4;&#x3002;&#xFF09;</p>
<p>&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;bit&#x6570;&#x7EC4;&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x4F1A;&#x7528;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65E0;&#x7B26;&#x53F7;&#x6570;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x79F0;&#x4E4B;&#x4E3A;&#x201C;&#x5B57;&#x201D;&#x7684;slice&#x6765;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#xFF0C;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x7684;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x4F4D;&#x90FD;&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#x91CC;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x503C;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#x7684;&#x7B2C;i&#x4F4D;&#x88AB;&#x8BBE;&#x7F6E;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x624D;&#x8BF4;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x5143;&#x7D20;i&#x3002;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x5C55;&#x793A;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;bit&#x6570;&#x7EC4;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E86;&#x4E09;&#x4E2A;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x6765;&#x5BF9;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;bit&#x6570;&#x7EC4;&#x6765;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#xFF1A;</p>
<p><u><i>gopl.io/ch6/intset</i></u></p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-comment">// An IntSet is a set of small non-negative integers.</span>
<span class="hljs-comment">// Its zero value represents the empty set.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">type</span> IntSet <span class="hljs-keyword">struct</span> {
    words []<span class="hljs-keyword">uint64</span>
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// Has reports whether the set contains the non-negative value x.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (s *IntSet) Has(x <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>) <span class="hljs-keyword">bool</span> {
    word, bit := x/<span class="hljs-number">64</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">uint</span>(x%<span class="hljs-number">64</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> word &lt; <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(s.words) &amp;&amp; s.words[word]&amp;(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>&lt;&lt;bit) != <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// Add adds the non-negative value x to the set.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (s *IntSet) Add(x <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>) {
    word, bit := x/<span class="hljs-number">64</span>, <span class="hljs-keyword">uint</span>(x%<span class="hljs-number">64</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> word &gt;= <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(s.words) {
        s.words = <span class="hljs-built_in">append</span>(s.words, <span class="hljs-number">0</span>)
    }
    s.words[word] |= <span class="hljs-number">1</span> &lt;&lt; bit
}

<span class="hljs-comment">// UnionWith sets s to the union of s and t.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (s *IntSet) UnionWith(t *IntSet) {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i, tword := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> t.words {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> i &lt; <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(s.words) {
            s.words[i] |= tword
        } <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> {
            s.words = <span class="hljs-built_in">append</span>(s.words, tword)
        }
    }
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x6BCF;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5B57;&#x90FD;&#x6709;64&#x4E2A;&#x4E8C;&#x8FDB;&#x5236;&#x4F4D;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x4E3A;&#x4E86;&#x5B9A;&#x4F4D;x&#x7684;bit&#x4F4D;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7528;&#x4E86;x/64&#x7684;&#x5546;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x5B57;&#x7684;&#x4E0B;&#x6807;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x7528;x%64&#x5F97;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5B57;&#x5185;&#x7684;bit&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x5728;&#x4F4D;&#x7F6E;&#x3002;UnionWith&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x91CC;&#x7528;&#x5230;&#x4E86;bit&#x4F4D;&#x7684;&#x201C;&#x6216;&#x201D;&#x903B;&#x8F91;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7B26;&#x53F7;|&#x6765;&#x4E00;&#x6B21;&#x5B8C;&#x6210;64&#x4E2A;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x7684;&#x6216;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x3002;&#xFF08;&#x5728;&#x7EC3;&#x4E60;6.5&#x4E2D;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8FD8;&#x4F1A;&#x6709;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x7528;&#x5230;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;64&#x4F4D;&#x5B57;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x3002;&#xFF09;</p>
<p>&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x8FD8;&#x7F3A;&#x5C11;&#x4E86;&#x5F88;&#x591A;&#x5FC5;&#x8981;&#x7684;&#x7279;&#x6027;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x628A;&#x5176;&#x4E2D;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x7EC3;&#x4E60;&#x9898;&#x5217;&#x5728;&#x672C;&#x5C0F;&#x8282;&#x4E4B;&#x540E;&#x3002;&#x4F46;&#x662F;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x7F3A;&#x5931;&#x7684;&#x8BDD;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;bit&#x6570;&#x7EC4;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x6BD4;&#x8F83;&#x96BE;&#x6DF7;&#xFF1A;&#x5C06;IntSet&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4E32;&#x6765;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x6765;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x5B83;&#xFF0C;&#x8BA9;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x6765;&#x7ED9;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;String&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;2.5&#x8282;&#x4E2D;&#x505A;&#x7684;&#x90A3;&#x6837;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-comment">// String returns the set as a string of the form &quot;{1 2 3}&quot;.</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (s *IntSet) String() <span class="hljs-keyword">string</span> {
    <span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> buf bytes.Buffer
    buf.WriteByte(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;{&apos;</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> i, word := <span class="hljs-keyword">range</span> s.words {
        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> word == <span class="hljs-number">0</span> {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">continue</span>
        }
        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> j := <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; j &lt; <span class="hljs-number">64</span>; j++ {
            <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> word&amp;(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>&lt;&lt;<span class="hljs-keyword">uint</span>(j)) != <span class="hljs-number">0</span> {
                <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> buf.Len() &gt; <span class="hljs-built_in">len</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;{&quot;</span>) {
                    buf.WriteByte(<span class="hljs-string">&apos; &apos;</span>)
                }
                fmt.Fprintf(&amp;buf, <span class="hljs-string">&quot;%d&quot;</span>, <span class="hljs-number">64</span>*i+j)
            }
        }
    }
    buf.WriteByte(<span class="hljs-string">&apos;}&apos;</span>)
    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> buf.String()
}
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x7559;&#x610F;&#x4E00;&#x4E0B;String&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x662F;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x548C;3.5.4&#x8282;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;intsToString&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x5F88;&#x76F8;&#x4F3C;&#xFF1B;bytes.Buffer&#x5728;String&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x91CC;&#x7ECF;&#x5E38;&#x8FD9;&#x4E48;&#x7528;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x4F60;&#x4E3A;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x590D;&#x6742;&#x7684;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;String&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;fmt&#x5305;&#x5C31;&#x4F1A;&#x7279;&#x6B8A;&#x5BF9;&#x5F85;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x8BA9;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x5728;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x7684;&#x65F6;&#x5019;&#x770B;&#x8D77;&#x6765;&#x66F4;&#x52A0;&#x53CB;&#x597D;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x5176;&#x539F;&#x59CB;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x3002;fmt&#x4F1A;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7684;String&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x673A;&#x5236;&#x4F9D;&#x8D56;&#x4E8E;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x548C;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x65AD;&#x8A00;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x7B2C;7&#x7AE0;&#x4E2D;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x4F1A;&#x8BE6;&#x7EC6;&#x4ECB;&#x7ECD;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x5B9E;&#x6218;&#x4E2D;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x7528;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x597D;&#x7684;IntSet&#x4E86;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">var</span> x, y IntSet
x.Add(<span class="hljs-number">1</span>)
x.Add(<span class="hljs-number">144</span>)
x.Add(<span class="hljs-number">9</span>)
fmt.Println(x.String()) <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;{1 9 144}&quot;</span>

y.Add(<span class="hljs-number">9</span>)
y.Add(<span class="hljs-number">42</span>)
fmt.Println(y.String()) <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;{9 42}&quot;</span>

x.UnionWith(&amp;y)
fmt.Println(x.String()) <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;{1 9 42 144}&quot;</span>
fmt.Println(x.Has(<span class="hljs-number">9</span>), x.Has(<span class="hljs-number">123</span>)) <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;true false&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x8981;&#x6CE8;&#x610F;&#xFF1A;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x7684;String&#x548C;Has&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x4EE5;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;<code>*IntSet</code>&#x6765;&#x4F5C;&#x4E3A;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x4E0A;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;&#x8FD9;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x6765;&#x8BF4;&#xFF0C;&#x628A;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x4E3A;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x4E5F;&#x6CA1;&#x4EC0;&#x4E48;&#x5FC5;&#x8981;&#x3002;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#x53E6;&#x5916;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x5C31;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x4E86;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x53E6;&#x5916;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7684;&#x662F;s.words&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4F60;&#x4E0D;&#x628A;&#x63A5;&#x6536;&#x5668;&#x58F0;&#x660E;&#x4E3A;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#xFF0C;&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#x5B9E;&#x9645;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x62F7;&#x8D1D;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x539F;&#x6765;&#x7684;&#x90A3;&#x4E2A;&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x6B64;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;String&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x5728;IntSet&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x5F53;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x7684;&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x662F;IntSet&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;IntSet&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x65F6;&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x6709;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x8BA9;&#x4EBA;&#x610F;&#x5916;&#x7684;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go">fmt.Println(&amp;x)         <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;{1 9 42 144}&quot;</span>
fmt.Println(x.String()) <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;{1 9 42 144}&quot;</span>
fmt.Println(x)          <span class="hljs-comment">// &quot;{[4398046511618 0 65536]}&quot;</span>
</code></pre>
<p>&#x5728;&#x7B2C;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;Println&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;<code>*IntSet</code>&#x7684;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x786E;&#x5B9E;&#x6709;&#x81EA;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7684;String&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x3002;&#x7B2C;&#x4E8C;Println&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x4E86;x&#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x7684;String()&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#xFF1B;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#x7F16;&#x8BD1;&#x5668;&#x4F1A;&#x9690;&#x5F0F;&#x5730;&#x5728;x&#x524D;&#x63D2;&#x5165;&amp;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7B26;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x6837;&#x76F8;&#x5F53;&#x4E8E;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8FD8;&#x662F;&#x8C03;&#x7528;&#x7684;IntSet&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x7684;String&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x7B2C;&#x4E09;&#x4E2A;Println&#x4E2D;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;IntSet&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;String&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;Println&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x4F1A;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x4EE5;&#x539F;&#x59CB;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#x7406;&#x89E3;&#x5E76;&#x6253;&#x5370;&#x3002;&#x6240;&#x4EE5;&#x5728;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&amp;&#x7B26;&#x53F7;&#x662F;&#x4E0D;&#x80FD;&#x5FD8;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x5728;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x573A;&#x666F;&#x4E0B;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x628A;String&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x7ED1;&#x5B9A;&#x5230;IntSet&#x5BF9;&#x8C61;&#x4E0A;&#xFF0C;&#x800C;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;IntSet&#x6307;&#x9488;&#x4E0A;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x66F4;&#x5408;&#x9002;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0D;&#x8FC7;&#x8FD9;&#x4E5F;&#x9700;&#x8981;&#x5177;&#x4F53;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x5177;&#x4F53;&#x5206;&#x6790;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x7EC3;&#x4E60;6.1:</strong> &#x4E3A;bit&#x6570;&#x7EC4;&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;</p>
<pre><code class="lang-go"><span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (*IntSet) Len() <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>      <span class="hljs-comment">// return the number of elements</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (*IntSet) Remove(x <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span>)  <span class="hljs-comment">// remove x from the set</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (*IntSet) Clear()        <span class="hljs-comment">// remove all elements from the set</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword">func</span> (*IntSet) Copy() *IntSet <span class="hljs-comment">// return a copy of the set</span>
</code></pre>
<p><strong>&#x7EC3;&#x4E60; 6.2&#xFF1A;</strong> &#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x53D8;&#x53C2;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;(*IntSet).AddAll(...int)&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x4E2A;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x4E00;&#x7EC4;IntSet&#xFF0C;&#x6BD4;&#x5982;s.AddAll(1,2,3)&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x7EC3;&#x4E60; 6.3&#xFF1A;</strong> (*IntSet).UnionWith&#x4F1A;&#x7528;<code>|</code>&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7B26;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#x7684;&#x5E76;&#x96C6;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x518D;&#x4E3A;IntSet&#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x53E6;&#x5916;&#x7684;&#x51E0;&#x4E2A;&#x51FD;&#x6570;IntersectWith&#xFF08;&#x4EA4;&#x96C6;&#xFF1A;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x5728;A&#x96C6;&#x5408;B&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#x5747;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;DifferenceWith&#xFF08;&#x5DEE;&#x96C6;&#xFF1A;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x5728;A&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#xFF0C;&#x672A;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x5728;B&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;SymmetricDifference&#xFF08;&#x5E76;&#x5DEE;&#x96C6;&#xFF1A;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x5728;A&#x4F46;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x5728;B&#xFF0C;&#x6216;&#x8005;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x5728;B&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x51FA;&#x73B0;&#x5728;A&#xFF09;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>*&#x7EC3;&#x4E60;6.4: </strong> &#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;Elems&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x96C6;&#x5408;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x5143;&#x7D20;&#xFF0C;&#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x505A;&#x4E00;&#x4E9B;range&#x4E4B;&#x7C7B;&#x7684;&#x904D;&#x5386;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x3002;</p>
<p><strong>&#x7EC3;&#x4E60; 6.5&#xFF1A;</strong> &#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8FD9;&#x7AE0;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x7684;IntSet&#x91CC;&#x7684;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x5B57;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x7528;&#x7684;uint64&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x662F;64&#x4F4D;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x503C;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5728;32&#x4F4D;&#x7684;&#x5E73;&#x53F0;&#x4E0A;&#x4E0D;&#x9AD8;&#x6548;&#x3002;&#x4FEE;&#x6539;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#xFF0C;&#x4F7F;&#x5176;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;uint&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x79CD;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x5BF9;&#x4E8E;32&#x4F4D;&#x5E73;&#x53F0;&#x6765;&#x8BF4;&#x66F4;&#x5408;&#x9002;&#x3002;&#x5F53;&#x7136;&#x4E86;&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0D;&#x7528;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7C97;&#x66B4;&#x5730;&#x9664;64&#xFF0C;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5B9A;&#x4E49;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x5E38;&#x91CF;&#x6765;&#x51B3;&#x5B9A;&#x662F;&#x7528;32&#x8FD8;&#x662F;64&#xFF0C;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x7528;&#x5230;&#x5E73;&#x53F0;&#x7684;&#x81EA;&#x52A8;&#x5224;&#x65AD;&#x7684;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x667A;&#x80FD;&#x8868;&#x8FBE;&#x5F0F;&#xFF1A;32 &lt;&lt; (^uint(0) &gt;&gt; 63)</p>

                                
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